In an economy driven by innovation, intellectual property (IP) has become among the most valuable possessions for people, companies, and countries. IP acts as the foundation of creative excellence and technological advancement—from ground breaking patents and original trademarks to imaginative copyrights and proprietary trade secrets. Clear assessment of these assets is vital for stimulating creativity, financial planning, and company expansion. Still, the conventional techniques of IP valuation have several difficulties: ineffectiveness, opacity, and rising chances of conflict over use and ownership rights.


